About Sickle Cell
What is Sickle Cell Disease?
Sickle cell disease affects individuals across many communities, though it is more common among people whose ancestry traces to regions such as Africa, the Middle East, the Mediterranean, and parts of Central and South America. In the United States, it impacts approximately 70,000 to 100,000 people. Many families affected by sickle cell disease also face systemic barriers to healthcare access, making support and awareness even more critical.
Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder that affects how red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body. Instead of being round and flexible, these cells become stiff and crescent-shaped (“sickle”-shaped), which can block blood flow and lead to severe pain and organ damage. It is a lifelong condition that can significantly impact both patients and their families.
Signs and Symptoms
Pain Episodes & Crises
Sickled cells block small blood vessels, causing pain
Ranges from mild to severe; may need medication, fluids, or hospitalization
Anemia
Sickled cells block small blood vessels, causing pain
Ranges from mild to severe; may need medication, fluids, or hospitalization
Infections
People with sickle cell disease, especially children, are at increased risk for harmful infections
Acute Chest Syndrome
A serious complication of sickle cell disease
Chest pain, breathing problems, cough, fever, or low oxygen
Stroke Risk
Sickle cell disease can increase the risk of stroke, especially in children
Severe Anemia From
Spleen Problems
Infection or spleen enlargement can worsen anemia
Spleen complications may require a blood transfusion
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Sickle Cell
